The 1982 horror classic Poltergeist has long been the subject of fascination, not just for its chilling storyline and groundbreaking special effects, but also for the eerie behind-the-scenes stories that have since become part of Hollywood lore. One of the most enduring and unsettling aspects of the film’s production is the claim that real human skeletons were used during the filming of its infamous swimming pool scene. This revelation has sparked debates about ethics in filmmaking, the treatment of human remains, and the lengths to which filmmakers go to achieve realism. This article delves into the truth behind this claim, the ethical implications, and the broader impact on cinema.
The Origins of the Real Skeletons Claim
The claim that Poltergeist used real skeletons instead of prop replicas originated from statements made by the film’s crew and cast. JoBeth Williams, who played the role of Diane Freeling, revealed in a 2002 interview with VH1’s I Love the ’80s that the skeletons used in the swimming pool scene were indeed real. She explained that it was cheaper to use real skeletons than to create realistic plastic ones. This revelation was later corroborated by special effects makeup artist Craig Reardon.
The Swimming Pool Scene
The scene in question involves Diane Freeling falling into a swimming pool under construction, which then fills with muddy water and skeletons. This visually intense and horrifying sequence is one of the film’s most memorable moments, contributing significantly to the film’s eerie atmosphere. Knowing that real human remains were used adds an additional layer of horror for viewers and raises questions about the ethical considerations during the production process.
Ethical Implications
Using real human remains in film raises several ethical issues. The primary concerns revolve around consent, respect for the deceased, and the moral responsibilities of filmmakers.
Consent and Respect
In many cultures, the treatment of human remains is a sensitive issue. Using real skeletons for entertainment purposes can be seen as a form of disrespect to the deceased individuals. Ethical standards in filmmaking today emphasize the importance of consent and respect for those who have passed away. The revelation about Poltergeist has led to questions about whether the individuals whose skeletons were used had given consent for their remains to be used in such a manner.
The Moral Responsibilities of Filmmakers
Filmmakers have a responsibility to ensure that their practices do not exploit or disrespect individuals, living or deceased. The decision to use real skeletons in Poltergeist highlights the potential conflict between achieving artistic realism and adhering to ethical standards. This case serves as a reminder of the importance of ethical considerations in all aspects of filmmaking, from pre-production to post-production.
The Impact on Cinema
The use of real skeletons in Poltergeist is not an isolated incident in the history of cinema, but it is one of the most notable examples. The film’s production choices have had a lasting impact on both the horror genre and the broader film industry.
Realism in Horror Films
Horror films often strive to create a sense of realism to enhance the fear factor. The use of real skeletons in Poltergeist is an extreme example of this pursuit. While it undoubtedly added to the film’s authenticity, it also set a controversial precedent. Subsequent horror films have had to navigate the balance between realistic effects and ethical considerations more carefully.
Changes in Industry Standards
The controversy surrounding Poltergeist contributed to changes in industry standards regarding the use of human remains and props in films. Modern productions are more likely to use advanced special effects and CGI to create realistic visuals without compromising ethical standards. The film industry has also become more conscious of the need for clear guidelines and regulations to protect the dignity of individuals whose remains might be used in any context.
The Cultural Impact of Poltergeist
Beyond the technical and ethical discussions, Poltergeist has left an indelible mark on popular culture. The film’s legacy is intertwined with its real-life mysteries and supernatural themes, making it a subject of enduring fascination.
The Curse of Poltergeist
The use of real skeletons has been linked by some to the so-called “Poltergeist Curse.” This refers to the series of tragic and unexplained events that befell several members of the cast and crew after the film’s release. Notable incidents include the untimely deaths of Heather O’Rourke (who played Carol Anne) and Dominique Dunne (who played Dana). While there is no evidence to support the existence of a curse, these events have contributed to the film’s mystique and its place in horror lore.
Influence on Future Filmmakers
Poltergeist has inspired a generation of filmmakers with its innovative approach to horror and special effects. Its blend of supernatural terror and suburban normalcy created a new template for horror films. The ethical discussions it sparked have also influenced how future filmmakers approach the use of real elements in their work, encouraging a more thoughtful and respectful approach.
Advances in Special Effects
Since the release of Poltergeist, the film industry has seen significant advancements in special effects technology. These developments have provided filmmakers with new tools to create realistic scenes without the ethical dilemmas associated with using real human remains.
Practical Effects and Prosthetics
In the years following Poltergeist, the use of high-quality prosthetics and practical effects became more prevalent. These techniques allowed filmmakers to achieve a high level of realism while avoiding the ethical issues of using actual human remains. Innovations in materials and methods have made it possible to create incredibly lifelike skeletons and other props.
Digital Effects and CGI
The advent of digital effects and CGI has revolutionized the film industry. Modern films can now create entirely realistic skeletons, creatures, and other elements using computer-generated imagery. This technology not only enhances the visual impact of films but also eliminates the need for ethically questionable practices. Today, CGI is a standard tool in the creation of horror films, allowing for greater creative freedom and ethical integrity.
Reflecting on Poltergeist and Ethical Filmmaking
The revelation that real skeletons were used in Poltergeist serves as a powerful reminder of the ethical responsibilities that come with artistic endeavors. While the film remains a beloved classic in the horror genre, its production choices continue to spark important discussions about the intersection of art, ethics, and respect for human dignity.
Learning from the Past
As we reflect on the choices made during the production of Poltergeist, it is crucial to learn from the past. The film industry must continue to evolve and adopt practices that prioritize ethical considerations. By doing so, filmmakers can create compelling and realistic works of art without compromising their moral responsibilities.
The Role of Audiences
Audiences also play a role in shaping industry standards. By being aware of the ethical implications of filmmaking practices and supporting films that adhere to high ethical standards, viewers can influence the industry to prioritize respect and integrity. This collective awareness and action can drive positive change and ensure that the lessons learned from Poltergeist are not forgotten.
Conclusion
The 1982 movie Poltergeist used real skeletons, a choice that has sparked enduring debates about ethics in filmmaking. While this decision added to the film’s realism and contributed to its legendary status, it also highlighted the importance of ethical considerations in the creative process. The legacy of Poltergeist is multifaceted, encompassing its impact on horror cinema, its contribution to discussions about ethical filmmaking, and its enduring place in popular culture.
As the film industry continues to evolve, it is essential to remember the lessons of Poltergeist and strive for a balance between artistic vision and ethical responsibility. By doing so, filmmakers can honor the dignity of all individuals, living and deceased, while creating powerful and memorable works of art.
